125khz wavelength
Well, the existance of so many standards make the difference blurry. Both are close range, the vast majority of the readers works up to 10cm, and of course, there are complex readers which are able to read from higher distances. The difference is at the performed functions (besides the operating frequency). Most of the 125khz cards are read only, meaning they have a unique code hardwired, the reader get the code in clear form, and that's all. The 13,56mhz are more complex cards. Some of them have advanced functions like reading/wwriting data, communication using encrypted protocols, etc. They are more suitable for ticketing, secured access, etc. The difference in the operating frequency imposes a difference in the reader construction. For example, the antenna for 125khz reader is made with copper wires, due to the relatively low frequency, but the antenna for 13,56mhz can be made directly on the PCB with traces. Also, you can use the search function:
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