Yukta2007
Junior Member level 3
My group is having a project to be implemented on PUF(Physical unclonable functions) using Verilog. Having written the code in Verilog we are facing an error which we could not rectify even after several tries. It would be really helpful if you would help us rectify this error. And the error which we get after compilation is " ** Error: (vlog-13069) C:/Modeltech_pe_edu_10.4a/examples/ring3.v(100): near "always": syntax error, unexpected always, expecting class. " Please help.
The code for PUF is given below. I have marked the error line in red.
module oscillator(input enable,output wave);
nand g1(n0,enable,n74);
not b1(n1,n0);
not b2(n2,n1);
not b3(n3,n2);
not b4(n4,n3);
not b5(n5,n4);
not b6(n6,n5);
not b7(n7,n6);
not b8(n8,n7);
not b9(n9,n8);
not b10(n10,n9);
not b11(n11,n10);
not b12(n12,n11);
not b13(n13,n12);
not b14(n14,n13);
not b15(n15,n14);
not b16(n16,n15);
not b17(n17,n16);
not b18(n18,n17);
not b19(n19,n18);
not b20(n20,n19);
not b21(n21,n20);
not b22(n22,n21);
not b23(n23,n22);
not b24(n24,n23);
not b25(n25,n24);
not b26(n26,n25);
not b27(n27,n26);
not b28(n28,n27);
not b29(n29,n28);
not b30(n30,n29);
not b31(n31,n30);
not b32(n32,n31);
not b33(n33,n32);
not b34(n34,n33);
not b35(n35,n34);
not b36(n36,n35);
not b37(n37,n36);
not b38(n38,n37);
not b39(n39,n38);
not b40(n40,n39);
not b41(n41,n40);
not b42(n42,n41);
not b43(n43,n42);
not b44(n44,n43);
not b45(n45,n44);
not b46(n46,n45);
not b47(n47,n46);
not b48(n48,n47);
not b49(n49,n48);
not b50(n50,n49);
not b51(n51,n50);
not b52(n52,n51);
not b53(n53,n52);
not b54(n54,n53);
not b55(n55,n54);
not b56(n56,n55);
not b57(n57,n56);
not b58(n58,n57);
not b59(n59,n58);
not b60(n60,n59);
not b61(n61,n60);
not b62(n62,n61);
not b63(n63,n62);
not b64(n64,n63);
not b65(n65,n64);
not b66(n66,n65);
not b67(n67,n66);
not b68(n68,n67);
not b69(n69,n68);
not b70(n70,n69);
not b71(n71,n70);
not b72(n72,n71);
not b73(n73,n72);
not b74(n74,n73);
not bf(wave,n74);
endmodule
module mux4(input d0,input d1,input d2,input d3,input s0,input s1,output M);
wire s1_n, s0_n, t0,t1,t2,t3;
not n0(s0_n,s0);
not n1(s1_n,s1);
and g0(t0,s0_n,s1_n,d0);
and g1(t1,s0,s1_n,d1);
and g2(t2,s0_n,s1,d2);
and g3(t3,s0,s1,d3);
or g4(M,t0,t1,t2,t3);
endmodule
module mux16(input d0, input d1, input d2, input d3, input d4, input d5, input d6, input d7, input d8, input d9, input d10, input d11, input d12, input d13, input d14, input d15, input s0, input s1, input s2, input s3, output M);
wire t0,t1,t2,t3;
mux4 m0(.d0(d0), .d1(d1), .d2(d2), .d3(d3), .s1(s1), .s0(s0), .M(t0));
mux4 m1(.d0(d4), .d1(d5), .d2(d6), .d3(d7), .s1(s1), .s0(s0), .M(t1));
mux4 m2(.d0(d8), .d1(d9), .d2(d10), .d3(d11), .s1(s1), .s0(s0), .M(t2));
mux4 m3(.d0(d12), .d1(d13), .d2(d14), .d3(d15), .s1(s1), .s0(s0), .M(t3));
mux4 m4(.d0(t0), .d1(t1), .d2(t2), .d3(t3), .s1(s3), .s0(s2), .M(M));
endmodule
always @(posedge enable)
begin
Ch0 = challenge;
Ch1[7] = challenge[5];
Ch1[6] = challenge[6];
Ch1[5] = challenge[7];
Ch1[4] = challenge[4];
Ch1[3] = challenge[1];
Ch1[2] = challenge[0];
Ch1[1] = challenge[3];
Ch1[0] = challenge[2];
Ch2[7] = challenge[6];
Ch2[6] = challenge[5];
Ch2[5] = challenge[4];
Ch2[4] = challenge[7];
Ch2[3] = challenge[2];
Ch2[2] = challenge[1];
Ch2[1] = challenge[3];
Ch2[0] = challenge[0];
end
// Direct the result to the output
(* KEEP *) FDC cont0(.D(1), .C(done), .CLR(~enable), .Q(resClk[0]));
(* KEEP *) FDC cont1(.D(resClk[0]), .C(done), .CLR(~enable), .Q(resClk[1]));
(* KEEP *) FDC cont2(.D(resClk[1]), .C(done), .CLR(~enable), .Q(resClk[2]));
(* KEEP *) FDC cont3(.D(resClk[2]), .C(done), .CLR(~enable), .Q(resClk[3]));
(* KEEP *) FDC cont4(.D(resClk[3]), .C(done), .CLR(~enable), .Q(resClk[4]));
(* KEEP *) FDC cont5(.D(resClk[4]), .C(done), .CLR(~enable), .Q(resClk[5]));
(* KEEP *) FDC cont6(.D(resClk[5]), .C(done), .CLR(~enable), .Q(resClk[6]));
(* KEEP *) FDC cont7(.D(resClk[6]), .C(done), .CLR(~enable), .Q(resClk[7]));
// Flip Flops to store the outputs
(* KEEP *) FDC res0(.D(res), .C(resClk[0]), .CLR(~enable), .Q(resTemp[0]));
(* KEEP *) FDC res1(.D(res), .C(resClk[1]), .CLR(~enable), .Q(resTemp[1]));
(* KEEP *) FDC res2(.D(res), .C(resClk[2]), .CLR(~enable), .Q(resTemp[2]));
(* KEEP *) FDC res3(.D(res), .C(resClk[3]), .CLR(~enable), .Q(resTemp[3]));
(* KEEP *) FDC res4(.D(res), .C(resClk[4]), .CLR(~enable), .Q(resTemp[4]));
(* KEEP *) FDC res5(.D(res), .C(resClk[5]), .CLR(~enable), .Q(resTemp[5]));
(* KEEP *) FDC res6(.D(res), .C(resClk[6]), .CLR(~enable), .Q(resTemp[6]));
(* KEEP *) FDC res7(.D(res), .C(resClk[7]), .CLR(~enable), .Q(resTemp[7]));
// Control
always (@resClk) // Use this signal to change the states
begin
case (resClk)
8’b00000000: begin
select = Ch0;
// next = 1;
// #5
// next = 0;
end
8’b00000001: begin
select = Ch1;
// next = 1;
// #5
// next = 0;
end
8’b00000011: begin
select = Ch2;
// next = 1;
// #5
// next = 0;
end
8’b00000111: begin
select = Ch3;
// next = 1;
// #5
// next = 0;
end
8’b00001111: begin
select = Ch4;
// next = 1;
// #5
// next = 0;
end
8’b00011111: begin
select = Ch5;
// next = 1;
// #5
// next = 0;
end
8’b00111111: begin
select = Ch6;
// next = 1;
// #5
// next = 0;
end
8’b01111111: begin
select = Ch7;
// next = 1;
// #5
// next = 0;
end
endcase
module puf( challenge, response, enable, ready
);
input [7:0] challenge;
input enable;
output [7:0] response;
output ready;
// Control signals
reg [7:0] select;
wire CE; // Control the counters
wire FCE; // Control final register load
wire done; // Signal that we obtained a result and stop the counters
reg next = 0; // Reserved to clear a flip flop for ’done’
// Use challenge to select MUXes outputs
mux16 m0(.d0(w[0]), .d1(w[1]), .d2(w[2]), .d3(w[3]), .d4(w[4]), .d5(w[5]), .d6(w[6]), .d7(w[7]),
.d8(w[8]), .d9(w[9]), .d10(w[10]), .d11(w[11]), .d12(w[12]), .d13(w[13]), .d14(w[14]), .d15(w[15]),
.s3(select[3]), .s2(select[2]), .s1(select[1]), .s0(select[0]), .M(C0));
mux16 m1(.d0(w[0]), .d1(w[2]), .d2(w[1]), .d3(w[12]), .d4(w[7]), .d5(w[5]), .d6(w[4]), .d7(w[6]),
.d8(w[9]), .d9(w[14]), .d10(w[8]), .d11(w[15]), .d12(w[3]), .d13(w[13]), .d14(w[10]), .d15(w[11]),
.s3(select[7]), .s2(select[6]), .s1(select[5]), .s0(select[4]), .M(C1));
The code for PUF is given below. I have marked the error line in red.
module oscillator(input enable,output wave);
nand g1(n0,enable,n74);
not b1(n1,n0);
not b2(n2,n1);
not b3(n3,n2);
not b4(n4,n3);
not b5(n5,n4);
not b6(n6,n5);
not b7(n7,n6);
not b8(n8,n7);
not b9(n9,n8);
not b10(n10,n9);
not b11(n11,n10);
not b12(n12,n11);
not b13(n13,n12);
not b14(n14,n13);
not b15(n15,n14);
not b16(n16,n15);
not b17(n17,n16);
not b18(n18,n17);
not b19(n19,n18);
not b20(n20,n19);
not b21(n21,n20);
not b22(n22,n21);
not b23(n23,n22);
not b24(n24,n23);
not b25(n25,n24);
not b26(n26,n25);
not b27(n27,n26);
not b28(n28,n27);
not b29(n29,n28);
not b30(n30,n29);
not b31(n31,n30);
not b32(n32,n31);
not b33(n33,n32);
not b34(n34,n33);
not b35(n35,n34);
not b36(n36,n35);
not b37(n37,n36);
not b38(n38,n37);
not b39(n39,n38);
not b40(n40,n39);
not b41(n41,n40);
not b42(n42,n41);
not b43(n43,n42);
not b44(n44,n43);
not b45(n45,n44);
not b46(n46,n45);
not b47(n47,n46);
not b48(n48,n47);
not b49(n49,n48);
not b50(n50,n49);
not b51(n51,n50);
not b52(n52,n51);
not b53(n53,n52);
not b54(n54,n53);
not b55(n55,n54);
not b56(n56,n55);
not b57(n57,n56);
not b58(n58,n57);
not b59(n59,n58);
not b60(n60,n59);
not b61(n61,n60);
not b62(n62,n61);
not b63(n63,n62);
not b64(n64,n63);
not b65(n65,n64);
not b66(n66,n65);
not b67(n67,n66);
not b68(n68,n67);
not b69(n69,n68);
not b70(n70,n69);
not b71(n71,n70);
not b72(n72,n71);
not b73(n73,n72);
not b74(n74,n73);
not bf(wave,n74);
endmodule
module mux4(input d0,input d1,input d2,input d3,input s0,input s1,output M);
wire s1_n, s0_n, t0,t1,t2,t3;
not n0(s0_n,s0);
not n1(s1_n,s1);
and g0(t0,s0_n,s1_n,d0);
and g1(t1,s0,s1_n,d1);
and g2(t2,s0_n,s1,d2);
and g3(t3,s0,s1,d3);
or g4(M,t0,t1,t2,t3);
endmodule
module mux16(input d0, input d1, input d2, input d3, input d4, input d5, input d6, input d7, input d8, input d9, input d10, input d11, input d12, input d13, input d14, input d15, input s0, input s1, input s2, input s3, output M);
wire t0,t1,t2,t3;
mux4 m0(.d0(d0), .d1(d1), .d2(d2), .d3(d3), .s1(s1), .s0(s0), .M(t0));
mux4 m1(.d0(d4), .d1(d5), .d2(d6), .d3(d7), .s1(s1), .s0(s0), .M(t1));
mux4 m2(.d0(d8), .d1(d9), .d2(d10), .d3(d11), .s1(s1), .s0(s0), .M(t2));
mux4 m3(.d0(d12), .d1(d13), .d2(d14), .d3(d15), .s1(s1), .s0(s0), .M(t3));
mux4 m4(.d0(t0), .d1(t1), .d2(t2), .d3(t3), .s1(s3), .s0(s2), .M(M));
endmodule
always @(posedge enable)
begin
Ch0 = challenge;
Ch1[7] = challenge[5];
Ch1[6] = challenge[6];
Ch1[5] = challenge[7];
Ch1[4] = challenge[4];
Ch1[3] = challenge[1];
Ch1[2] = challenge[0];
Ch1[1] = challenge[3];
Ch1[0] = challenge[2];
Ch2[7] = challenge[6];
Ch2[6] = challenge[5];
Ch2[5] = challenge[4];
Ch2[4] = challenge[7];
Ch2[3] = challenge[2];
Ch2[2] = challenge[1];
Ch2[1] = challenge[3];
Ch2[0] = challenge[0];
end
// Direct the result to the output
(* KEEP *) FDC cont0(.D(1), .C(done), .CLR(~enable), .Q(resClk[0]));
(* KEEP *) FDC cont1(.D(resClk[0]), .C(done), .CLR(~enable), .Q(resClk[1]));
(* KEEP *) FDC cont2(.D(resClk[1]), .C(done), .CLR(~enable), .Q(resClk[2]));
(* KEEP *) FDC cont3(.D(resClk[2]), .C(done), .CLR(~enable), .Q(resClk[3]));
(* KEEP *) FDC cont4(.D(resClk[3]), .C(done), .CLR(~enable), .Q(resClk[4]));
(* KEEP *) FDC cont5(.D(resClk[4]), .C(done), .CLR(~enable), .Q(resClk[5]));
(* KEEP *) FDC cont6(.D(resClk[5]), .C(done), .CLR(~enable), .Q(resClk[6]));
(* KEEP *) FDC cont7(.D(resClk[6]), .C(done), .CLR(~enable), .Q(resClk[7]));
// Flip Flops to store the outputs
(* KEEP *) FDC res0(.D(res), .C(resClk[0]), .CLR(~enable), .Q(resTemp[0]));
(* KEEP *) FDC res1(.D(res), .C(resClk[1]), .CLR(~enable), .Q(resTemp[1]));
(* KEEP *) FDC res2(.D(res), .C(resClk[2]), .CLR(~enable), .Q(resTemp[2]));
(* KEEP *) FDC res3(.D(res), .C(resClk[3]), .CLR(~enable), .Q(resTemp[3]));
(* KEEP *) FDC res4(.D(res), .C(resClk[4]), .CLR(~enable), .Q(resTemp[4]));
(* KEEP *) FDC res5(.D(res), .C(resClk[5]), .CLR(~enable), .Q(resTemp[5]));
(* KEEP *) FDC res6(.D(res), .C(resClk[6]), .CLR(~enable), .Q(resTemp[6]));
(* KEEP *) FDC res7(.D(res), .C(resClk[7]), .CLR(~enable), .Q(resTemp[7]));
// Control
always (@resClk) // Use this signal to change the states
begin
case (resClk)
8’b00000000: begin
select = Ch0;
// next = 1;
// #5
// next = 0;
end
8’b00000001: begin
select = Ch1;
// next = 1;
// #5
// next = 0;
end
8’b00000011: begin
select = Ch2;
// next = 1;
// #5
// next = 0;
end
8’b00000111: begin
select = Ch3;
// next = 1;
// #5
// next = 0;
end
8’b00001111: begin
select = Ch4;
// next = 1;
// #5
// next = 0;
end
8’b00011111: begin
select = Ch5;
// next = 1;
// #5
// next = 0;
end
8’b00111111: begin
select = Ch6;
// next = 1;
// #5
// next = 0;
end
8’b01111111: begin
select = Ch7;
// next = 1;
// #5
// next = 0;
end
endcase
module puf( challenge, response, enable, ready
);
input [7:0] challenge;
input enable;
output [7:0] response;
output ready;
// Control signals
reg [7:0] select;
wire CE; // Control the counters
wire FCE; // Control final register load
wire done; // Signal that we obtained a result and stop the counters
reg next = 0; // Reserved to clear a flip flop for ’done’
// Use challenge to select MUXes outputs
mux16 m0(.d0(w[0]), .d1(w[1]), .d2(w[2]), .d3(w[3]), .d4(w[4]), .d5(w[5]), .d6(w[6]), .d7(w[7]),
.d8(w[8]), .d9(w[9]), .d10(w[10]), .d11(w[11]), .d12(w[12]), .d13(w[13]), .d14(w[14]), .d15(w[15]),
.s3(select[3]), .s2(select[2]), .s1(select[1]), .s0(select[0]), .M(C0));
mux16 m1(.d0(w[0]), .d1(w[2]), .d2(w[1]), .d3(w[12]), .d4(w[7]), .d5(w[5]), .d6(w[4]), .d7(w[6]),
.d8(w[9]), .d9(w[14]), .d10(w[8]), .d11(w[15]), .d12(w[3]), .d13(w[13]), .d14(w[10]), .d15(w[11]),
.s3(select[7]), .s2(select[6]), .s1(select[5]), .s0(select[4]), .M(C1));