need of tutorials on IO pads

[haria]

Hi,
I am in need of a tutorials on
1)"basics of IO pads"
2)"Different building blocks used in a Bi-directional IO pad."

where could I find them??

Thanks in advance,
Hari

 

[aravind]

u can read ASIC design by M.J smith here u can find I/O pads,
pad limited and core limited information and location of pads.
and search on flipchip on google/edaboard u can find lot i/o placement related paper

 

[jingli888ca]

Hello, Hari:

Do you want to design an IO PAD or just want to use it in your top-level design?