I remember experimenting with LM723 eons ago, its a finicky piece, and your asking for trouble without a resistor in the base lead of
the transistor, or Vz/Vout pin
just check what the spec says about the drive ability of that pin/chip, and take a look at the internal diagram of the chip.
The chip doesn't have any internal limiting ability, you need to design for it.
It does have an excellent temperature compensated reference though!
and yes your above results indicates dead chip, easy to do with this one i'm afraid.
LM723 is an old design, must have been one of the first voltage reg chips designed/manufactured...........