High Frequecy physical desgin challenges

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Gaurav.jain88

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What are the challenges one can face while moving from low frequency of 100MHz to 1GHz. Please explain in terms of Placement, CTS, routing, Timing.
 

Hi Gaurav,

Challenge can be many I would specify few.
1. Placement : As frequency increase then PD engineer gets shorter time period per cycle b/w FF which will result in tight constraints... Need a placement strategy by PD engineer.
2.. CTS... If your placement is not good then you have high skew and latency.
3. Routing : Routing congestion .. GRC map
4. Timing: Even if your placement cells are near and they are violating by 50ps. engineer starts adding buffer or upsize the cells... which can result in increase in the utilization locally.
 

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