Why we are using single guardring and double guardring ?

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SriRamPj

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can i know the answer for this que.. ?
why we are using single guardring and double guarding ?
why we placed guardring as closer to the nmos/pmos ?
 

Single guardring for field leakage control, Double for
substrate carrier extraction (latchup). Closer is better
(until it affects breakdown / leakage at high Vdd) on
a simple ohms/square basis, "access resistance" to
the most distant channel point, as guardrings serve also
as body tie / "tap".
 

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