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in terms of bandwidth, TDMA allocates the whole channel bandwidth for a specific user, but only for a specified period of time, called a time slot. after a certain time slot, the whole channel bandwidth is used by another user. so its one user at a time.
in the case of FDMA, the whole channel bandwidth is divided into smaller channels assigned to each user. the user can use the channel allocated to it anytime it wants to. but at a smaller bandwidth.
let the signal bandwidth be fm. then in TDMA the channel bandwidth is also fm. but in FDMA if there are n users then the channel bandwidth has to be n*fm.
in fdma the total channel is divided in to n sub-channels, each dedicated to a single user. => (total bandwidth+guard band)/ N
in fdma all the users are allowed to use the entire channel. the signal is spread over the entire channel. but in a sequentiol order. the time line is divided in to slots each for a user
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