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Usually, the short circuit test is done with a current source and a voltmeter. If the measured voltage is greater than a specified value, the circuit is rejected. In a similar way, the open circuit test is done with a voltage source and an ammeter. If the measured current is greater than a specified value, the circuit is rejected.
I dont remember exactly.. The explanation is given in any standard machines text book...some books are BS Bhimra, Nagrath and Kothari etc....
In open circuit test the terminals will be open and you do the test , u will find open ciruit losses( mechanicla losses etc), and similarly in short ciruit also u will get electrical losses.
Once u get the both results you can get total losses. So for given output or input u can get the effeiciency of the machine.
in open circuit test you are discovering magnetic losses...
in short circuit test, you'll find the winding losses and exactly the reactances value for the machine either motor, generator or transformer
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