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tunneling is the phenomenon when the barrier is smaller than the wavelength of electron and hence electron crosses the barrier leading to nonlinear behaviour....
it is not a defect.... it actually leads to negative resistance because the transistor will not obey eber-moll equation and hence this excess charge can be supported only until a particular level after which the current drops leading to negative resistance... google out tunnel diode to learn more....
Tunneling is a phenomenon in which electron crosses the barrier by penetrating through barrier but in usual operation electron gets sufficient energy equal to barrier potential to cross barrier.
In general width of the barrier is high so probability of tunneling is less, as barrier width decreases probability of penetration increases so we will consider the tunneling concept.
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