VCO centre frequency- Ring Oscillator

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ashwinvl

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I have a doubt regarding the centre frequency and the corresponding control voltage for that frequency in a VCO...

I have read that centre frequency is the frequency at zero control voltage.But this applies to theory and not in practice, in the case of Ring Oscillators (Corect me if I am wrong).

1) In that case, what does the centre frequency represent for a given topology of ring oscillator?
2) For a given topology can we make modifications to have different centre frequencies i.e is it under our control?

Kindly help
 

The centre frequency is the mean frequency of the upper frequency (when chargepump voltage is the highest) and the lowest frequency (when chargepump voltage is the lowest) of VCO.
 

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