1. Parasitic resistances - resistances of metals and vias -are temperature-dependent.
Parasitic capacitances and inductances (individual elements - as opposed to an effective response to AC or transient signals, that is affected by parasitic resistances, capacitances, and inductances, and hence may depend on temperature) are not affected by temperature.
2. Active / design devcies (MOSFETs, diodes, bipolar transistors, etc.) are usually strongly temperature-dependent, and their temperature dependence is described by compact (SPICE) models in SPICE libraries (i.e. this is defined "outside" post-layout netlist).
3. There are two ways to do parasitic extraction, controlled by a single command (available in all parasitic extraction tools):
(a) do it at a specified temperature (usually called "operating temperature") - in this case, the extracted post-layout netlist can be used for simulating circuit at that temperature only.
(b) do the extraction at a "global temperature" (sometimes called "reference temperature"), typically 25C, and save temperature coefficients of parasitic resistors to the post-layout netlist (unique to each parasitic resistor, but often (not always) the same for resistors that belong to the same layer). In this case, you can specify "operating temperature" in the SPICE deck, and parasitic resistor values will be adjusted accordingly, so the simulation will be accurate for any temperature (within the temperature range of parasitic resistors characterization).
Temperature dependence of parasitic resistors is described by a second degree polynomial with coefficients called TC1, TC2, or like that.
"Global temperature" is the temperature T_0 that enters the second degree polynomial expression for temperature dependence:
R(T) = R(T_0) * ( 1 + TC1*(T-T_0) + TC2*(T-T_0)^2)
If you need to simulate a circuit (post-layout netlist) at different temperatures, you would need to run many extraction in case (a), for each operating temperature - which can be very time-consuming, and will require more disk space.
In case (b), you would need to do the extraction only once.
Option (b) is (usually) automatically activated when you add a command to save temperature coefficients to the post-layout netlist.