One symbol is ground (possibly earth, to drain away static charge).
The other symbol looks like either a diode or resistor, inline with an led. Probably a resistor same value as the one inline with the led at right.
It looks as though ground is the same as V-. Most construction also has ground for chassis ground. So a metal enclosure serves as ground for signals, power supplies, etc.
However there is the case of a bipolar supply. This is often used in a power amplifier. It's not entirely clear looking at your schematic, whether you need a single supply or a split bipolar supply?
If it's a single supply then V- is ground.
If it's a bipolar supply then ground is 0v, and some sections run on positive polarity, and other sections run on negative polarity.
chronic pain
Have you tried the muscle stimulation units which send electrical pulses through small pads that stick to the skin? The sensation is pleasant (and not shocking). Easy to use, runs on batteries. Prices are inexpensive at the pharmacy. Known as: TENS (Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation) and EMS (Electrical Muscle Stimulation).
As to their effect on bone joints or liver, it's uncertain.
These are not the same as radionics and radioclast devices, which were promoted a hundred years ago as 'cure-alls' and are still made in various forms.
With many laptop PSUs you don't need extra circuitry to to cause some microamperes to flow through your body.* A single 19v laptop power supply should be adequate to send a few micro-Amperes through human tissue.
* It's not common to put a fuse next to an led. It's sensible to put a fuse where it's easy to change and not have to unsolder it from components.
* A single 19v laptop power supply should be adequate to send a few micro-Amperes through human tissue. Merely a fraction of a mA is enough to cause alarm. One milli-A is able to stop the heart. Just because the designer uses a 50W amplifier doesn't mean it all goes through a human being.
* As for what amount of led's... Your schematic has an led for each coil that lights with each pulse. It's wise in addition to add a Power-On led. One benefit is that it acts as a bleeder load, draining charge from capacitors when you turn off the device. It's a safeguard since the device is connected to someone.
Hi,
With many laptop PSUs you don't need extra circuitry to to cause some microamperes to flow through your body.
Just touch the connector and there may be a lot of leakage current to Earth-ground.
I recommend to use a battery or a PSU specified for "medical" use. They have low leakage current via Earth-ground.
Klaus
We use cookies and similar technologies for the following purposes:
Do you accept cookies and these technologies?
We use cookies and similar technologies for the following purposes:
Do you accept cookies and these technologies?