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Basically yes. For most ICs it's the excessive current that causes the damage. The negative supply voltage forward biases the substrate diodes. If you exceed their maximum current rating, the IC will be damaged.
The IC does not know if a voltage is positive or negative, it simply must have the correct polarity of its power supply. If the polarity of its power supply is backwards then it blows up.
The positive terminal can be +5V and the negative terminal can be 0V. The polarity is correct.
The positive terminal can be +35V and the negative terminal can be +30V. The polarity is correct.
The positive terminal can be 0V and the negative terminal can be -5V. The polarity is correct.
The positive terminal can be +2.5V and the negative terminal can be -2.5V. The polarity is correct.
The positive terminal can be -30V and the negative terminal can be -35V. The polarity is correct.
All above circuits will work if the input voltages are also correct.
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