A CD drive has to aim a laser at a specific track in the CD. I am not sure about the details of how this disk drivers work since all bits in CD won't be data bits, there will be bits existing to help the hardware read the disk from the correct track and sector. However, since cars can vibrate quite a lot especially on bumpy rides which can cause the laser aim to fail, how does a disk drive work in such harsh environment?
This is similar to the problem of a CD player dangling from a runner's waist. The circuitry reads ahead a few seconds (as much as it is able), storing data and playing it back during times of jittery motion.
There is also RS encoding done on the data that allows for errors to be corrected, so if the error bursts are short enough they can be corrected before going into that buffer BradtheRad mentioned.