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A semaphore is an extension of a mutex. A mutex allows one thread inside the critical section, a semaphore allows n threads in a critical section (when the number n is given as a parameter on the initialization). A semaphore is useful when a resource has more than one instance, and a mutex can be implemented by initializing a semaphore with the value 1.
In linux device driver chap 5, there is a description about semaphore and mutex:"When semaphores are used for mutual exclusion—keeping multiple processes from running within a critical section simultaneously—their value will be initially set to 1. Such a semaphore can be held only by a single process or thread at any given time. A semaphore used in this mode is sometimes called a mutex, which is, of course, an abbreviation for "mutual exclusion." Almost all semaphores found in the Linux kernel are used for mutual exclusion."
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