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Two layer means only top and bottom layers present.Components can be placed on both top and bottom.Routing of signals and power only can be done using both layers.In 4 layers top,ground,Power and bottom present.Components can be placed both top and bottom and routing of signals can be done on these layers.We can put solid ground plane in GND layer.In power plane can be split according to major power signals.4 layer PCBs are comparatively better than 2 layer if critical signals like clock ,differential,analog are present and also for higher power requirement.
We all know that 4 layer PCB is much expensive than 2 layer PCB but the most important part of choosing the PCB layer count is the design you need to place on the PCB. 4 layer PCB offers higher resistance to EMI than 2 layer PCB. So if you're design is not high speed you can freely use 2 layer PCB in order to reduce cost.
If you are doing a digital design you are best using 4 layers with at least one contigous ground plane, for both signal integrity and EMC. The rise times of modern designs and EMC complience requirements almost make this mandatory. I would not consider doing a digital design these days with out internal power and ground planes, even for cheeper products, the price differential is not what it use to be, and can be a dam site cheeper than strugling to comply with EMC regulations.
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