One option will be to use audio/telecommunications isolating transformer.
Connect primary to the telephone line (you may need additional >1kΩ resistor in series), connect one end of the secondary to the oscilloscope GND and pick-up signal from the other end.
Try to find 600Ω-to-600Ω, 1kΩ-to-1kΩ, or similar, miniature transformer with frequency bandwidth <300Hz and >4000Hz. They are readily available at all electronic stores ..
Regards,
IanP