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Blew up my scope probe

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KX36

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Hi all,

As you can guess, I did a dumb thing. :(

I was testing a power supply I'm building which will be powered from a 380V DC boost PFC output. For testing, I've got an ATX power supply plugged into a 240V to 115V step down transformer for isolation. It's a building site transformer which I've disconnected the centre tap secondary earth, so earth passes straight through from input to output and live and neutral are isolated. Between probing low level signals and high power signals I accidentally probed the across 380V DC output of the PFC with a 300V 10x passive probe, sparks flew, small holes were punched into the PCB. I meant to use a 1kV 100x probe but grabbed the wrong one. I'm now unsure if that would have fared any better.

Now the probe doesn't work right, its resistance measures around 20Megohm and climing regardless of whether 1x or 10x is selected, the output to the scope is low bandwidth, sometimes the 1x-10x makes a difference to amplitude, sometimes it doesn't. It's pretty clear that the only path through it now is capacitive so something's burned open. It's unusable. The only odd thing is with my old analog scope and cheap ebay probes I used to regularly probe 4-500VDC in valve amplifiers without any problems, although those are higher impedance nodes capable of supplying only tens of milliamps.

With 5 mins testing, the scope seems OK with other probes although it did lock up the controls while I was testing different probes in different channels and fiddling with the controls on each channel, I'm hoping that's a coincidence. I really hope it's not damaged. Is it likely to be?

Really more than anything I'm curious as to what exactly blew in the probe, whether it was likely to be a breakdown right at the tip, in the cable, the resistor etc. I'd also like to know if the flaw is not just with me using a probe of the wrong voltage rating but also if there's a flaw in my isolation methodology. I was thinking that with the isolation transformer there to isolate L and N and the primary of the ATX supply not being connected to ground except through class Y capacitors in the input filter, I would have avoided the classic mis-probing ground short circuit but have I missed something? I don't have a differential probe but with the whole thing floating on the secondary of an isolation transformer I would have thought a normal probe would do. After all, we probe devices on the secondary side of 50Hz mains transformers all the time.

If anyone can clear that up, I'd be grateful.
 

The x10 x1 probes I use have a breakdown voltage of 1Kv, I would expect that yours would be similar. The normal error that can blow up the scope and or the probe is to connect the scope earth to a non floating voltage. I would check again that the earth connection is indeed isolated.
 

Thanks for the response.

I modified the wiring in the isolation transformer myself, so I know there's no earth on the secondary centre tap, I checked resistance from both positive and negative of the PFC output capacitor to earth and the meter read OL, I traced out the primary side of that ATX power supply a year or so ago and IIRC, found no earth connection to the primary. The isolation transformer should stop the earth loop from going through the neutral wire. I will go through all of this again when I'm back from work. I do suspect it may be something like this. Before trying the ATX power supply, I had a simple rectifier on the 115V of the isolation transformer and was able to probe everything fine (although my power supply was not behaving very well with such a low input voltage, it was switching in bursts). If the only difference is the ATX power supply and that supply has an earth connection it does seem like there must be a fault relating to that.

For extra information, The probe was a Rigol RP2200 and I think it only sparked when I made both probe connections, not when I just touched the ground lead to the negative before making the tip connection although maybe there was a small flicker I missed. When it sparked, both ground lead and probe tip connections sparked. which makes me think current went straight through the probe from tip to ground lead which would presumably mean tip and ground internally shorted temporarily although they aren't shorted now according to the multimeter.
 
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IF you can open the probe in a way that allows it to be reconstructed, all you will find inside is a variable capacitor (compensation control) and one or two small resistors. In view of the overvoltage condition, I would replace them all. The parts cost is almost nothing but you might need a degree in neurosurgery to handle the small parts in such a confined space. Check the scope input wasn't damaged by using a known good probe first!

Brian.
 

Thanks. I may attempt to dissect and repair it now it's worthless anyway. Are the resistors likely to be in close proximity to the capacitor? I just ask to know how big a hole to make or whether to try to split it down the glued seam.

As far as the scope is concerned, AC triggering doesn't seem to work on that channel. DC and low pass triggering work and they all still work on the other channels so it's not a big issue.

I disconnected the earth pass through connection inside the isolation transformer and switched to only using my 100x 1kV probes and am able to probe everything fine like that.

Cheers
 

Split it down the seam, it will look ugly when you reassemble it but if it works you can live with that.

The parts will be SMD and usually mounted on a thin PCB with the cable soldered one end and the center probe pin at the other. Obviously they are very small which is why they are so easily damaged by flash-over.

Brian.
 

IF you can open the probe in a way that allows it to be reconstructed, all you will find inside is a variable capacitor (compensation control) and one or two small resistors. In view of the overvoltage condition, I would replace them all. The parts cost is almost nothing but you might need a degree in neurosurgery to handle the small parts in such a confined space. Check the scope input wasn't damaged by using a known good probe first!

Brian.
There is more to a probe than that; the wire and cable are made of interesting materials, which may have been damaged. The resistance of the wire should be several hundred ohms, since it is a lossy transmission line.

Note also that the voltage rating is a function of frequency; at 100MHz it is probably 30V
 

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