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Gamma_in is not the transfer function. It actually stands for the reflection at port 1 when port 2 has the reflection coefficient gamma_l. When port 2 is perfectly terminated, gamma_l = 0, then gamma_in = S11 as expected.
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I would think the factor 2 comes from the definition of the transfer function. It is the voltage ratio between load and source. The source impedance will lower down the voltage on the load. When both Gamma_l and Gamma_s equal to 0, S21 = 1, the transfer function = 1/2 as expected.
I knew Sin is not a transfer function.
Transfer function was shown in the first attached picture. I upload it again here:
View attachment 149610
It doesn't say S11=0. How do you get S21=1?
Thanks for your reply.