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What is the difference in functionality between LCL (Latching current limiter) and FCL (Foldback current limiter) and in which applications are they used?
The term "latching current limiter" sounds erroneous or at least misleading. A latching overcurrent protection will shutdown the power supply if the trip level is exceeded once. A current limiter will keep a maximum current value continuously, a foldback limiter will additionally reduce the current with decreasing output voltage, e.g. to reduce the power dissipation of an output transistor.
If you load a foldback current limiter with constant current you may achieve a (probably unwanted) latching behaviour.
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