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Sun's composition of Hot gases chemical equation.

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Chemical equations are often couched in assumptions
such as "equilibrium" and what we think of as "normal"
temperatures. The Sun is a chaotic ball of plasma that
is undergoing continuous fusion processes and ejecting
all kinds of "stuff", some of it escaping (so where's your
"equilibrium"?) and some returning to be acted upon
yet again, potentially nuclear transmutation, etc.

So good luck with all that.
 
In astrophysics, most of the deductions of chemical elements are made based on the spectrum of light emitted by bodies and/or absorbed by their atmospheres, so yes, it is possible to have an estimate at least of the composition of the outer layer of the star.
 
the composition of the sun is based on the original gasses (by far mostly hydrogen)
the age of the sun and the nuclear reactions going on in its core (fusion to helium)
it is a nuclear process not a chemical process

the sun is a third(?) generation star
first generation stars are essentially all primordial hydrogen and (a little) primordial lithium(?)
at the end of their life, a big enough star (which basically includes all first generation stars)
will explode and seed the next generation of stars with some helium and some heavier elements
each generation of stars follows the same pattern
stars are still primarily hydrogen and this is likely to be the case for ever, as hydrogen is their primary energy source

you would have to go through the nuclear processes that occur throughout star's life, including the catastrophic explosion,
to get a handle on theoretical compositions

if i remember correctly, there was a phd thesis at RPI around 1978(?) that dealt with this question
 
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