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The body effect describes the changes in the threshold voltage by the change in VSB, the source-bulk voltage of the MOSFET. Since VSB influences the channel and hence the Threshold voltage (when it is not tied to the source), it can be thought of as a second gate, and is sometimes referred to as the "back gate"; the body effect is sometimes called the "back-gate effect"
hey,
In NMOS , the substrate is usually connected to negative power supply..
This reverse bias voltage between the source and body, increases the depletion region width and it affects the circuit operation ... To bring it to normal , v should increase the Vgs .. Thus the body act as a second gate and this effect on the operation is called "Body effect"..
I suggest you reaad Analog Intergrated circuit design by Behzad Razavi. It has a chapter devoted to short channel affects and a couple of pages on body effect.
Body effect results in change of Vt beacuse of VSB
The best free source of the deep CMOS theory is BSIM documentation. Check the
if cmos are connected in series then Vsb ( substrate to bulk potential) does exist. eventually it must be zero.but not possible in cascading bcoz substrate of upper transistor is not at ground level whereas it is connected to the drain of lower transistor.
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