i think 1 shot means that the output digital code is available in 1 clock cycle(i.e. latency = 1 clock cycle)....and that is only possible in flash adc.
The fash ADC consists of (2^N -1) comparators that compares the input analog signal with (2^N -1) different thrshold levels. These threshold levels are usually obtained from resistor ladder and are usually linearly spaced. The output of the comprators are then fed to a simple digital encoder to obtain N parallel digital bits.