Optimized operation of the solar panels should be distinguished from optimized energy distribution respectively efficient utilization.
If we assume an existing storage battery, the first problem is about achieving highest effciency of the solar panels. Generally, it
requires maximum power point tracking (MPPT) operation, in other words an additional DC/DC converter that interfaces the solar
panel to the DC load (the battery). This is because for each irradition value, a solar panel has an optimal output voltage, usually
different from the battery voltage. Step-up as well step-down operation may be necessary to meet the MPP.
If the irradition of individual panels can be expected considerably different (due to the mounting conditions), you would need individual
MPPT converters for each panel. If the operation conditions are almost identical, parallel circuit with schottky diodes, as suggested,
or possibly series circuit would be sufficient. Most low voltage solar supply systems don't use MPPT however, they simply connect
the panels to the battery (operating as current sources) and have a charge controller, that cuts the solar supply, if the battery is
fully charged (e.g. at 14.4 V).
If you know the expectable daily course of solar irradiation at your place and the exact solar panel characteristic, you should be able
to estimate the benefit from using a MPPT converter.
For the energy consuming side, the best solution mainly depends on the existing loads. But I'm rather sure, that 4x40 W solar panel
can be only a small contribution to "self-sufficient" energy supply.