TRL calibration reflection standard

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trl calibration

Hi,

I am not clear what is the meaning and reason for the following words. Please explain.

"The phase of the reflection standard must be known within 1/4 wavelength"
----excerpt from Agilent TRL tutorial

Many thanks!
 

trl calibration tutorial

here "reflection" means a one-port device with high reflection (ex. ro>0.95) and known phase of reflection. the reflection phase should be known with a (lambda/4=pi/2) accuracy.
the reason should will be clear if you draw the NA error modeling flow diagram (see: **broken link removed**)
 

reflection standard

In the TRL method, you need to solve some nonlinear euqation to obtain the phase of the reflection standard. This equation could have two solutions from a pure mathematical point of view. You need to specify which one is correct (i.e. physical) to determine uniquely the correct "error model".
 

lambda over 4 trl calibration

i also don't understand! pls give more explain.tks!:?:
 

I think they are talking about the reference plane.
In other words, the reflection standard should not
be too long. And apparently 1/4 wavelength is
good enough for errors.
 

consider the following analogy
x=Sqrt(-1) has two roots: x=+j and x=-j in mathematical sense, but only one root is physical and the methdo needs your help to choose the correct root. If you say the root should have a phase >0 and <180, then it picks +j....
 

Hi,
Thank you very much for all your reply.
Still confused: This reflection standard (only single length) actually cover very wide frequency range. so the "1/4 wavelength", the wavelength here is corresponding to which frequency? Thx
 

at each frequency, a "nominal" value is needed for the phase.
 

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