Test vector patterns in LEC

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Fati_hv

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Hello!

As I mentioned in another thread, I'm learning about LEC and i read that you can diagnose causing issues of non equivalence by identifying patterns of test vectors.
I saw that there are mapping issues and the pattern they give in the document is this one:

I really am not able to understand what they are saying and explaining.
First of all, they give a test vector with 10 bits yet the output is only 5 characters. Shouldn't it be 10 as well? And let's assume they didn't give the rest of the output, the two first columns of the output don't make sense to me. I'm very confused.
I hope someone knows more about this and can help.
There is also another pattern that they give and I can't understand:

As well as this one:

So the last one I understand better. The only thing confusing me is the 1 or 0 in between the two sequences (test vector and output). I don't get its role.

I know I'm asking a lot of questions, but I'm stuck on this and It would help if someone had an answer.
 

Is there anyone who can help?
 

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