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Good morning,
Could anyone please clarify for me how this flyback circuit work?
You'll find attached the circuit and the properties of the transformer TR1.
2) Flux field builds however no current flows in the secondary due to the diode preventing it.
3) Current is shut off to the primary.
4) Flux field collapses, sending current through secondary in direction permitted by diode.
The neighboring circuitry is designed to cause On/Off switching at the proper times. Normally the output stage sends a feedback signal (via the optocoupler) so as to regulate duty cycle. The purpose is to regulate voltage at the load, although your schematic appears to lack a load.
Schematic doesn't make sense to me. Q1 is supposed to control the base current of Q2 to provide regulation but it can't. The capacitor values look suspicious too. With D1 being a slow recovery device it implies low switching speed so the low value of C5 doesn't look realistic.
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