I presume you are quoting the number from the selection tool? The column title is actually "Sample/Update-Rate". But maximum TLV5636 update rate is 1.25 MHz according to the datasheet. 0.233 MSPS isn't a valid datasheet specification.
Nevertheless, it's common to refer to the output data rate of a digital signal processing system as sample rate. It's not necessarily identical to the input (ADC) sampling rate, internal sample rate conversion might take place.
The 0.233 MSPS (if not a typo) may be meaned as usable data rate under specific conditions, e.g. residual settling error. The datasheet is referring to 0.48 MSPS data rate for some performance specifications.