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It's specified as a total voltage drop, for both of the hot and neutral conductors, from the point of view of efficiency. You don't want large voltage drops due to thin wire. Residential mains cable is two conductors plus ground.Max mains voltage can be 126V of which 5% is 6.3V which seems the neutral can float to 6.3V above ground.
TAs for the second question, the answer is: full mains voltage multiply overvoltage category factor. Safety design must not rely on correct neutral grounding.
The trouble is 3v offset at neutral can set off Vgs its fine to just use earth conduit for fullwave?
Rest of circuit is omitted.
Neutral is grounded at utility posts in North Amirica not residential breaker panels otherwise there would be lots of ground currents.
If safety doesn't rely on proper outlet connections then why bother with differently shaped prongs having different blade widths?
No, safety must not rely on polarized connectors and correct connection of neutral and phase. Safety relies on safe isolation of mains circuit. Polarized connectors can at best improve safety.If safety doesn't rely on proper outlet connections then why bother with differently shaped prongs having different blade widths?
No, safety must not rely on polarized connectors and correct connection of neutral and phase. Safety relies on safe isolation of mains circuit. Polarized connectors can at best improve safety.
Important related to this thread, grounded neutral and polarized connectors don't imply that it's legal to carry operational current through protective earth terminal.
Several safety rules are strictly against it. E.g.
- Equipment is required to pass a Hipot test PE against N and L
- Leakage current through PE must be limited to a few mA