Solid State Electronic Devices by Ben G Streetman
This is a very good book which makes you understand the concepts of all electronic devices without going deep into the technical details. Once finishing this book, we may look at more detailed books such as The MOS transistor by Yannis Tsividis...
Streetman and Sanjay Bannerjee is a good book but can be overwhelming and difficult to grasp for a newbie. I would suggest Microelectronics Device and Circuits by Clifton G Fonstad. This is a public domain book, which means you can download an ebook for free.Here is the link DSpace@MIT : Works of Clifton Fonstad