It wouldn't be absolutely precise but you could just use a transistor rated at >3A with a diode between its base and collector and a resistor of about 100K between its base and emitter. Basically, an amplified Zener.
The diode would drop approximately 0.65V and the transistor would need about 0.65V to turn it on.
Alternatively, you could use an SCR directly across your voltage with a diode in line with its gate.
You can use any comparator and a resistor as current sensor. You must add low pass filter between the current sensor and the comparator's input. LPF needs to decrease some disturbance. Output of the comparator can control MOSFET which do what you want: shorts circuit to blow the fuse or turn off the circuit.
two feedback modes... overvoltage or overcurrent...
foldback current limiting can have a very fast response to current spikes, overvoltage sensing responds to fast voltage spikes.
Fuses = medium slow and relays are just the slowest switch around
These conditions are not synonymous and must be treated independently in each feedback loop.
An ideal power supply can deal with both. You'll need feedback loops for both or one or the other, depending on requirements of the system.
What about input voltage and current? Here are 2 more feedback paths you need to optimize & include in the whole feedback loop.
What you are proposing is a simple LIMIT feedback... the circuit shuts down if a given limit is exceeded.
I propose the possibility of control circuits that regulate power in all quadrants. Such is the current state of the art.