Use your SS pin, which you have disconnected. The 10uF
will take all the current you can give it until the LED gets
lit (say, 3V). I=CvV/dt says for 10uF, 3V, 10uS (going by
the plot) you'd take 3A. Meaning the error amp is not at
all satisfied, probably winds up and rails because it can't
close the loop in real time.
Soft start lets the load get charged at a rate where the
error amp can stay small-signal. Your comp network has
nothing for the large signal input case.