electrecet microphone recognize simple words
It's a current controlled voltage feedback, in other words, the amp is working as a current source. The circuit is different from a usual voltage controlled feedback, you're probably trying to see, but it's a common topology as well. The FET is P-channel however, otherwise the feedback polarity would be positive.
If you don't want to design an electret microphone yourself, it's not that meaningful to analyze the LMV1012 details. The circuit is simplified in so far, as the input bias circuit is omitted. Strictly spoken, the circuit can't work without an input bias.
It's a general property of two wire electret microphones of course, to provide a current source output, also if a simple JFET amplifier stage is used, as mostly done.