As my experiment work with Automatic Test Equipment (ATE), we can test in some case but need special tool.
1 - Special LCR meter with frequency configurable, exciting voltage < 0.1V (this help signal is not leak via body diode of IC pin).
2 - Special Multimeter with Ohm meter function, exciting voltage < 0.1V, measure 02 times 1->2 pin and 2->1 pin.
3 - Indirect Measurement. If know design circuit, like C1-L-C2 circuit, have to measure C1, L, C2 then re-calculate real C,L,C. Use special Impedance meter with 1 excitation signal and multiple sensing/ probe. Normal kind has 01 excitation and 01 sensing probe. Input impedance of meter need very high to ensure accuracy.
4 - Active Mode. Some switching power when operating will make ripple on Capacitor, measure it also estimate quality, ESR, capacity and estimate Inductor. With Linear power can make small exciting signal to see what happen to output.
5 - Reduce/ Stable measurement enviroment temperature. Because lower temperature make semiconductor higher inpedance and low leak current. The measure board need take time to balance temperature after it hold by hand.
6 - Don't touch/ measure with some sensitive point like RF path.
The metered value is never correct as independent component, but it is close expected value help to estimate faile case.
The measure position depence so much on design.