This process is very complex, but if you want learn about this topics, i can recommend the book "VLSI Engineering" by Dillinger. "Microelectronics Circuits" by Sedra.
how ic is constructed
the name itself suggest integrated circuit the circuits which is to be integrated in a small chip.
using the transistor gates and for this we use VLSI technique.or we can also use VHDL.
u can find the books on net for VLSI and for VHDL i suggest J Bhaskar is good book.
In semiconductor device design, a floorplan of an integrated circuit is a diagram of the actual placement of its major components within the chip area. The image below is a mock chip floorplan, shown in a VLSI layout editor window.