Re: PID
P-proportional
It is used adjust response of your controller. If too big you will have large overshoot and oscillations in controller response (motor speed etc.). First you adjust this parameter.
I-integral
It is used to minimize steady state error. It should be small othervise you will cancel P part. This parameter is adjusted after tuninig of P part.
D-derivative
It is used to compensate large change of error (d(err)/dt). Usually one doesn't use it because it relies on data in "future". This paparemeter is tuned last.