How a transistor works????

[popat_panjaru]

hi to all

can anybody tell me about the operation of transistors?..

how the transistors are working?..what is the active point, saturation point and linear point of transistors?...

how they are satisfied?..

plzzzzzzzzzzz help me

Popatlal Panjarawala

 

[dunn]

how a transistor works

hi to all

can anybody tell me abt the operation of transistors?..

how the transistors are working?..what is the active point, saturation point and linear point of transistors?...

how they satisfied?..

plzzzzzzzzzzz help me

Popatlal Panjarawala

A transistor can function as an amplifier or a switch.
This is done by using a small amount of electricity to control a gate on a much larger supply of electricity.

Transistors are made from three parts – base, collector, and emitter.
The base is the gate controller device for the larger electrical supply.
The collector is the larger electrical supply, and the emitter is the outlet for that supply. By altering the levels of current from the base, the amount of current flowing through the gate from the collector may be regulated. In this way, a very small amount of current may be used to control a large amount of current, as in an amplifier. The same process is used to create the binary code for the digital processors but in this case a voltage threshold of five volts is needed to open the collector gate. In this way, the transistor is being used as a switch with a binary function: five volts – ON, less than five volts – OFF.

Semi-conductive materials are what make the transistor possible.
By sandwiching material between two conductive plates (the emitter and the collector), a transistor is made. Applying current to the semi-conductive material (base), electrons gather until an effectual conduit is formed allowing electricity to pass
There are two main types of transistors-junction transistors and field effect transistors. Each works in a different way. But the usefulness of any transistor comes from its ability to control a strong current with a weak voltage. For example, transistors in a public address system amplify (strengthen) the weak voltage produced when a person speaks into a microphone. The electricity coming from the transistors is strong enough to operate a loudspeaker, which produces sounds much louder than the person's voice.

Junction Transistor

A junction transistor consists of a thin piece of one type of semiconductor material between two thicker layers of the opposite type.If say the middle layer is p-type, the outside layers must be n-type. Such a transistor is an NPN transistor. One of the outside layers is called the emitter, and the other is known as the collector. The middle layer is the base. The places where the emitter joins the base and the base joins the collector are called junctions.

The layers of an NPN transistor must have the proper voltage connected across them. The voltage of the base must be more positive than that of the emitter. The voltage of the collector, in turn, must be more positive than that of the base. The voltages are supplied by a battery or some other source of direct current. The emitter supplies electrons. The base pulls these electrons from the emitter because it has a more positive voltage than does the emitter. This movement of electrons creates a flow of electricity through the transistor.

The current passes from the emitter to the collector through the base. Changes in the voltage connected to the base modify the flow of the current by changing the number of electrons in the base. In this way, small changes in the base voltage can cause large changes in the current flowing out of the collector.

Manufacturers also make PNP junction transistors. In these devices, the emitter and collector are both a p-type semiconductor material and the base is n-type. A PNP junction transistor works on the same principle as an NPN transistor. But it differs in one respect. The main flow of current in a PNP transistor is controlled by altering the number of holes rather than the number of electrons in the base. Also, this type of transistor works properly only if the negative and positive connections to it are the reverse of those of the NPN transistor.

FIELD EFFECT TRANSISTORS

A field effect transistor has only two layers of semiconductor material, one on top of the other. Electricity flows through one of the layers, called the channel. A voltage connected to the other layer, called the gate, interferes with the current flowing in the channel. Thus, the voltage connected to the gate controls the strength of the current in the channel. There are two basic varieties of field effect transistors-the junction field effect transistor(JFET) and the metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET). Most of the transistors contained in today's integrated circuits are MOSFETS's.

 

[Meridian]

how transistor works as an amplifier

hi to all

can anybody tell me abt the operation of transistors?..

how the transistors are working?..what is the active point, saturation point and linear point of transistors?...

how they satisfied?..

plzzzzzzzzzzz help me

Popatlal Panjarawala

Check out this 9-part transistor tutorial. Some parts are not finished yet but the majority is...

**broken link removed**

 

[ranganath_d]

transistor how it works

it is better to read basic electronics books like

Electronic devices and circuits by boyelsted
Integrateed electronics by milman and hakies.


explaining opeartion of transistor here may not help u in understanding the concept.

 

[bhatt_tanmay]

transistor

transistor is basically acurrent controlled device. u can seee the OCW.MIT.EDU THEN SElect electrical and computer engineering, then select subject 6.301 solid state circuits.

 

[nhoj]

transistor tutorial switches

try this too

**broken link removed**

 

[aman]

how transisitor works as a switch

to know how a transistor works consult the follwng


https://www.physlink.com/Education/AskExperts/ae430.cfm

http://www.williamson-labs.com/480_xtor.htm( very nice tut do check it !!!!!)

 

[lordsathish]

milman mit transistor

hey... the thing that puzzles many people is how transistors have gain.... i.e BJT's have current gain....the fact is that BJT's have current gain because base current is in micro amps and colector current is in milli amps... i.e whenever you supply a signal to the base i causes onlly few charge carriers to pass through the base... which in turn intiates large number of charge carriers from the emmitter leading to the collector...

 

[melc]

xtor.html transistor tutorial antoon

Let's try without silly equations, can you explain that way ?
:wink:

A bipolar transistor is like a ventil used for water.
The hand which is turning on or off the ventil is the base current.
It's also the base-emiter voltage in the same time.
The ventil diameter is the collector current. The pressure difference between the two ends of the ventil multiplied with the water flow is the transistor power dissipation.
The force need to open or close the ventil with your hand is the gain factor (known as h21e or beta or hf). For a superbeta transistor you'll use your small finger for turning on or off. For a beta = 10 and a pipe of 4" you neet both hands.

Capisci ?

 

[KamalS]

how transistor works?

It's all in the depletion region.

 

[mhtplsh]

how transistor works as a switch

I think the best book 4 further study is art of electronics.

 

[hdrzaman]

how transistror works as switch

it work as switch and as an amplifier.

 

[edma]

how to make a transistor work

you have to know the basic PN junction works..
then you can understand the operation of transisitor..

 

[ravitest]

a transistor works a gate

study the following book

micro electronics by sedra and smith

 

[eamonn]

how a transistor gain

Have a look **broken link removed** for a discussion on FETs

 

[jinal patel]

point where a transistor gathers electrons

just reffer www.malvino.com

 

[gold_kiss]

trasistor tutoril 15 parts

Check out Basic Electronics book by Robert Boyce.

Else google a bit and you will get to know

 

[JoseLeonardo]

milman transistor

OH man, you need a book. You should to read some books. "Microelectronics Circuits" by Rashid. "Microelectronics Circuits" by Sedra.

 

[irfanmrt]

transistor tutorial hf characteristics

A transistor is basically two terminal nd three way device nd use as switch.

 

[nyinyiphyo]

how transistor works

It is beeter to read device books yourself.
Electronic Device from Prantice Hall Publishing is a good book to learn the transistor operation.