Hello,
High current in wire while short blow/burn up the conductor while if there will be large voltage will there will be arcing only?
A large voltage between conductors will cause a high electric field.
...This higher velocity also increases the Coulomb discharge levels and detonation of particles, any combustible gas remaining can exceed 5000'K easily on contact with the electrodes.
Generally electrons are emitted easier from lower atomic mass from a conductor in an AC field so the apparent charge looks like the field is being rectified into a rising DC static charge.
The vacuum dielectric is never ideal, so other weird things may occur in the presence of detonated trace gases or particles, whatever is not removed. 4% H2 is the LEL combustible level in the presence of even a single molecule of O2. This detonation can vaporize steel , so tungsten is preferred.
The electric field between electrodes will potentially cause an arc depending on your environment (vacuum vs air vs SF6), field strength, geometry, surface roughness, surface cleanliness, pulse length etc.
I hope c_mitra isn't implying that the factors mentioned do not affect breakdown - because they do. The factors mentioned (environment, field strength, geometry, surface roughness, surface cleanliness, pulse length) 100% affect breakdown in vacuum.
The physics of the actual mechanism can range from pair production (unlikely without radiation or extremely high fields), to field emission, to field emission that causes localized heating on the anode or cathode which will then perpetuate the arc, or there is the clump hypothesis from Cranberg. There is plenty of peer reviewed research and experimental evidence out there for this.
I am not referring to an unrealistic pure vacuum here, but real vacuums obtained in chambers ranging from 10^-5 to 10^-10 torr. Vacuum arcs are frequent causes of failure in devices ranging from x-ray tubes to linacs.
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