One circuit you could use is:
Sense the current flowing through (a shunt may be used, or you can use any other type of current measurement device). Compare the value against a preset value. If the measured current < reference current, switch on a MOSFET that permits current flow through the load. Keep on sensing the current. If the current > reference value, turn the MOSFET off and keep it latched off. Then, you could add a "manual reset" feature to reset the circuit (like a circuit breaker), or you could just remove power and connect again.
Hope this helps.
Tahmid.