Hello,
Filters are basically of two types passive and active. Passive filters use RLC components for selecting the cut off frequencies. Active filters have passive components as well as active components like operational amplifiers. Passive filter topologies are basically T network, Pi networks.
Active filter topologies are
Butterworth
Chebychev
Bessel
Butterworth filter gives maximum passband flatness whereas the rolloff is a concern
Chebychev provides good rolloff but it may oscilate in passband.
Bessel filter have a linear phase response over a wide rande of frequencies. but pass band ripples are of concern.
Sallen-key and multiple feedback are second order architectures
Hope this helps. Have a look at the document
Thanks
Kasi