Hi,
1. But how can I choose the diode, is in4148 is enough?
I wonder why you choose a "big" 1F4007 diode for driving the gate....which needs only some mA of average current.
..and on the other side you want to choose a "small" 300mA signal diode as flyback diode on a 10A rated motor....
1) --> flyback diode: it needs to widthstand peak motor current as repititive peak diode current. And it needs to widthstand motor_power_supply voltage plus some headroom.
Please check if your BLDC windings are connected inside the motor. Depending on internal wiring the "open" winding may produce some voltage that must not be shorted externally by a freewheel diode. In this case better use a zener across the MOSFET (rated with higher than twice the motor_power_supply voltage)
2) --> mosfet protection: in your circuit it is not needed.
* But you need a good PCB layout for low impedance loops:
* GND - COM - LO - GATE - SOURCE - GND
* GND - VS - HO - GATE - SOURCE - GND
*...and I recommend to increase 1k --> 10k.
3) --> the UF4007 diode is
not needed
for the IR2110. It is needed to quickly discharge the gate. Usually in half bridge configuration to avoid cross conducting of high side FET and low side FET. You may omit the UF4007 diodes here. It is no protection diode.
4) --> your circuit shows low side MOSFETs only. Show your complete circuit.
5) --> optocoupler is for isolation (it is no driver). If you need isolation, then use an optocoupler
--> driver is fro driving a MOSFET´s gate. Use it in any case.
--> controller protection: nothing needed. What is your concern?
Don´t rely on hobbyist´s circuits you find in the internet. Go to the MOSSFET_manufacturer or driver_manufacturer´s internet pages and look for: datasheets, application notes, reference designs. Please read through them. They explain everything you need to know. Maybe you find it boring but the professionals need to read them, too.
Klaus