any idea what range of measured values you are going to store and how many different units ?
The most space efficent way to store data is in binary rather than as character strings.
for example you could always store voltages in mVolts using a 24 bit number (3 bytes in EEPROM) giving a range of approx -8388.608 to + 8388.608 volts. If you don't need such a range so you could use some of the bits to indicate the units Mvolts, mAmps, ohms, etc.
it you need a larger range you could use 32 bit numbers etc.