complete bias circuit with nmos and pmos stacked transistors

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nelly1

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hello everyone,
about this circuit attached i have several questions:
1.for the upper pmos stacked part: when the input is 2VDD, i think Mn4 should be off and Mn5 should be on.but what is the Gate voltage for Mp3?

2.for the nmos stacked partne book said, "static efficiency of 90% ,which means that the output is not completely charged or discharged to 3 VDD or gnd respectively. The ratio of Rnp1 on Rnp2 and Rnp3 on Rnp4 equals 0.850 and 0.425 respectively."
dont get it.... how come 1 and 0.5 to 0.85 and 0.425?????

3.the capacitors Cnp1 are connectedin parallel with the gate-drain capacitances of the transistors Mnp3,which are not constant during operation.
even i know C1(total)*R1=C2*R2. how can we determin Cnp1???

Thanks in advance!

 

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