What is the standard communication protocol between the in-door and out-door unit of a DC-inverter air-conditioner used by most of the manufacturers?
I saw there is only one wire with 0-20V signal w.r.t. circuit ground (+20V for 1's and 0 for 0's with reference at +10V).
As long as the units are not designed to be interchangeable between manufacturers (they hardly are), there's no need for a "standard protocol". Bidirectional serial links over a single wire + ground are quite common (e.g. automotive LIN interface). I would expect arbitrary manufacturer specific UART protocols.