An electrolytic capacitor is inaccurate because it has a wide range of tolerance. So if it is rated at 100uF then it could be anywhere from 50uF to 200uF. A polarized capacitor should never have reversed polarity.
You got no sound because the low input resistance of what the high resistance filter is driving created a voltage divider. The RC filter should have a very high load resistance.
Usually an RC lowpass filter uses a high value resistor and low value reasonably accurate small capacitor (5% film) then it is followed by a very high input resistance opamp.