Antennas are generally tested for a nominal gain on the axis, then their radiation pattern is measured in E and H planes (in more planes as needed), for impedance matching over a specified bandwidth, for polarization, etc. Such tests are made either on an open range or in an anechoic chamber.
A tested antenna may be tested as "active" if the test signal is input into it, and the test receiver is located at the opposite side of the range.
Or, the test signal is sent from the opposite side of the range, and received by the antenna under test; then you may call it "passive".
The test results should be the same for both methods.
The only exception may be if a high power should be input to a tested antenna; some antennas can transmit a limited power level.