Hello,I am the student of electronics.The P & O algorithm :
When will the MPP is reached in practice? And what is the value of D (expression) ?
Thank you in advance for the answer.
it reaches the optimum value when P-P(n-1)=0.
Value of D is depend on the system for which you are implementing if D is large it has high dynamic but you may have oscillation around optimum point. If it is small you reach the optimum point more precisely but in longer time.
Vref can be any starting off point you choose, perhaps the specified MPPT voltage for the panels you are using, or maybe half the control range. It probably does not matter all that much.
D is something you choose by experience. If its made too large the control point may jump around excessively. If its made very small, correction may be very slow.