That sounds like a very high resolution. Usually, such a high res is not needed. At lower res, check The Imaging Source for GigE cams up to 100fps for a few hundred $.
If you need to know the position at a certain time, there is another trick; that is to leave the CCD integrating, and to have complete darkness, and have a pulse of very strong light (e.g. from a laser) at the precise time that you want to capture at. I'm no expert in this, but at your uni I am sure most physicists will be familiar with this technique, and may even have the hardware (CCD, software, laser, lenses).