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gateway is nothing but the final point or computer that the data crosses finally in a network. That is all the data that is transfered should pass through this gateway. Router is nothing but which routes the data from one network to the other network.
network device that forwards packets from one network to another. Based on internal routing tables, routers read each incoming packet and decide how to forward it.
Routers work at the network layer (layer 3) of the protocol
GATEWAY
device that converts one protocol or format to another. A network gateway converts packets from one protocol to another.the gateway functions as an entry/exit point to the network.An earlier name for router.
GATEWAY work at the network layer (layer 4) of the protocol.
Router:
The data passes through the router from one autonomous system to another,which may follow different protocols,whereas in
Gateway:
It connects the internet to telephone network.. It is a 5 layer device which can translate a msg from one protocol to another..
A router is a 3-layer device:
At the physical layer(1st layer),it works as a regenerator.
At the data link layer,it does physiacl addressing,ie mapping between IP and physical addresses.
At the network layer,it functions to route the packets.It finds the shortest path available for routing a packet depending upon its routing tables,certain metrics and algorithms.
A gateway is a 5-layer device.Its basic function is above the network layer.
It provides a compatibility between different protocols.It allows routing between different networks.
if you read from tanenbaum chapter 5 you can easily understand difference with your own ideas.but the basic difference is routers is gateways in network layer or gateways is routers in transport layer ,gateways are multiprotocol routers they have exterior gateway protocol which is used among the networks.
A gateway acts as a conversion from one protocol to another or in the case of VoIP from the VoIP network to the POTS network. A router works by looking at the IP address in the packet and decides if it is for internal use or if the packet should move outside the network (to the WAN). In a VoIP conversation, you would have a gateway that works for any calls that can not be carried via IP and it moves them to a POTS connection. You generally need both.
Router : routes the packet. so its simple routing...
Gateway : shows the gate to the way to new territory. so we have to follow the rules of the new territory...that is protocol conversion
:idea:
The difference is very clear but it depends upon what do you mean
by gateway
1-if you mean it as a device/equipment So it is the data network device that can
convert from full protocol stack to another like from DoD to ISO OSI or SNA
Appletalk OR novell netware , So it can work up to layer 7
but router can do just layer3 PDU (IP packet , X25 packet, IPX , or ISO OSI CLNS )
FORWARDING, DROPPING , REROUTING by find the best route which depends
upon the calculation of the metric equation which depends upon the used routing
protocols like (RIP , OSPF, IS-IS ,ES-IS, EIGRP , BGP ...etc. )
some times they call a special router in a special data network scinario
a default gateway ( don't confuse between it and GATEWAY DEVICE )
which means that if the LAYER 3 packet couldn't go to the preintended destination
via any route so it can take the default route via the default gateway ( which of cource is a router )
I hope this answer is satisfactory for you , and good luck
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