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Assuming that you have an old analog cellular phone (AMPS or NMT) you cannot use these phones as walkie-talkie. Even if you can by-pass all the Digital/DTMF coding, would be almost impossible to reverse the TX with RX frequencies in one mobile to be able to communicate to the other one. They use different frequencies for TX and RX (usually 45MHz split). Cellular phones are designed to communicate with a Base Station, that has TX and RX frequencies in reverse.
I do not agree completely with the opinion that you are not able to use "old cellular phones as Walkie-Talkie".
Whats about the idea to use inhouse-Repeater (they are available for some networks) and to modify them? Of corse you have to reprogramm to act as a BTS, doing some authentification stuff etc, but that seem to be not completely impossible ...
In-house repeater as walkie-talkie? This was a good one What kind of walkie-talkie is this, having 30kg in weight?
I am pretty sure the question is: "how to make two cell handsets to communicate as walkie-talkie?"
of course not to use the repeater as walkie-talkie, but tu buy an old repeater for 10 bucks at ebay, and then to use the cellular phones around your neighbourhood
I see four problems:
1) you have to buy the base station on e-bay, have the original schematics and software ( source, not compiled ), know it and modify it;
2) the frequencies are still occupied by the phone companies and they don't like anybody to interfere with their communications ( at least here is seen as a public service and you can face the court )
3) you have to rearrange the SIM and/or the software inside the phone to give two new phone numbers;
4) how much it will cost ?. If it is for fun I can agree ( but consider the time used and the risks ); if it is anything commercial forget it.
I see four problems:
1) you have to buy the base station on e-bay, have the original schematics and software ( source, not compiled ), know it and modify it;
2) the frequencies are still occupied by the phone companies and they don't like anybody to interfere with their communications ( at least here is seen as a public service and you can face the court )
3) you have to rearrange the SIM and/or the software inside the phone to give two new phone numbers;
4) how much it will cost ?. If it is for fun I can agree ( but consider the time used and the risks ); if it is anything commercial forget it.
There is this OpenBTS project, but, it does use 2G GSM protocol, and I think the opening poster was referring to 1G phones and no supporting infrastructure?
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What kind of walkie-talkie is this, having 30kg in weight? 
